A graduate of HEC Paris, Anne Bosche-Lenoir began her career at the Ministry of Finance. After a posting at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in London, she was appointed Deputy Director in the Budget Directorate of the Ministry of Finance in 1999. In 2003, she joined the Île-de-France Regional Council, where she contributed to the creation of STIF (now Île-de-France Mobilités). 

She joined SNCF in 2013 as Group Director of Audit and Risk, then led the integration of nearly 20,000 employees into TER regional rail operations. 

In 2016, she was appointed Deputy Director of TER to lead negotiations with the regions and oversee the economic transformation of this business, while preparing for the liberalization of regional passenger rail markets. In 2021, she joined SNCF Réseau as Deputy Managing Director, Finance and Purchasing.