Jean-Christophe Combe is a graduate of the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po). He began his career at the French Senate in 2003, before joining Deloitte in 2007, where he was appointed Audit and Public Sector Associate.

From 2008 to 2011, he held a succession of positions in local authorities, before joining the French Red Cross in April 2011. Jean-Christophe Combe became Chief Executive of the French Red Cross in 2016, having previously worked within the organization, first overseeing commitment and associative life, and then the operational departments. He was also an active member of the International Federation of the Red Cross.

In July 2022, he was appointed Minister for Solidarity, Autonomy and the Disabled, a post he held until July 2023.